在对两组作者的起始观点句进行定性分析时，研究发现他们均在观点陈述中运用了模糊语或加强语。
本文探究的第三个问题是，中国传统的写作风格是否会影响其二语写作。首先要探查的是这些中国学生是否会采用中国古诗词中委婉含蓄的语言表达风格，因为这类文本内容在我国基础教育语文课堂教学中所占比重极大，中国学生几乎每天都要接触这类体裁内容。根据上文分析可知，实验组中15篇文章里仅有5篇写作样本将其初始观点表达句置于文章尾声。为了探究这几篇文本和中国古诗词的传统结构（又称章法）“起承转合”是否有相似之处，本研究继续对照“起承转合”和5篇文章进行了逐段逐句的详尽分析。结果发现，有一个中国作者的写作样本的结构竟与“起承转合”的模式有惊人的相似之处，其讨论如下：
“Nowadays,telephone as an essential tool to contact with each other has changed our lives greatly.However,some people also consider that overuse of smart-phone could lead problems in communication instead of real socialization.”（段1）
写作样本的首段仅包含三个从句，内容似乎只是在重复作文命题。然而，这与“起承转合”中的“起”，即破题部分，所应具备的引发读者兴趣的功能不太一致。
“There is no doubt that most people rely on telephones to make connection with others.Some people even use telephone several hours within a day.Telephone not only provides people with basic communicative functions such as calling and texting,but also extends other useful applications.Without a telephone,most people probably feel a sense of isolation and uselessness.It does make our lives much more convenient since no matter where you are and when you want,you can contact with people whoever you want.In addition,people can feel that their friends accompany them all the time,because you can knowhow things are going with your friends through recent posts in all kinds of social networks.”（段2）
在本段中，作者阐述了现代人对手机产生依赖的原因，并强调了使用手机所带来的便利。然而，关于他是否认同此利大于弊的观点并没有明确表述。这与“起承转合”模式的第二部分相似，即展开主题内容并说明一个与主题相关的论点。
“While people can't live without a telephone packed with applications full screen,it is cannot be ignored that communication created via social apps deviates people from real communication.Friends only greet with each other through we-chat or just comments and'like'on posts.Family members gradually have not much to share instead of surfing in the internet.People who eat dinner together all look down at their phones without chatting with each other.In these cases,distance between people become bigger and bigger,and communication between people become less and less.What even worse is that people are addicted in this kind of way of connecting with others.Eventually,people only make friends with telephones rather than people behind screen.”（段3）
“In my opinion,it is unavoidable that people can't live without powerful smart-phones and it does make our life much'smarter'.Nevertheless,people should not consider that communication through social networks is real socialization,which should appeal more communication away from telephones.”（段4）
最后对整体文本进行分析发现，其与“转合”结构具有高度的相似性。“转”即转折，是文章内容的转折点，之后的下文可提出新的观点或方向[5]。第三段开头采用了一个转折过渡复合句，将对智能手机的褒奖引导到其在社交方面的负面影响上，这与“转”的功能和形式完全一致。接下来，在最后一段中作者既对前文进行了简要总结，又提出了自己的观点。这符合“合”的结构特征，即对全文内容进行总结归纳。
四、结束语
通过以上的分析可知，与英语母语者相比，仍有中国ESL在英文议论文写作中延迟其观点表达，这背后的原因之一很有可能是中国传统的修辞结构对二语写作产生的负迁影响。此外，尽管研究发现中国学生也广泛运用了模糊语和加强语的元语言策略，然而两组学生对此类词汇的选择截然不同，英语母语文本甚至出现了两种语言策略结合的表达方式。由此可知，中国二语写作课堂所使用的教学文本材料，需在日后加强地道的英语本土元素的教学内容的渗透，且二语习作课堂的重点也要从强调语法句法正确性，转移到关于篇章结构、修辞手法等学习策略上。
参考文献
[1]Snively,Helen.Coming to terms with cultural differences:Chinese graduate students writing academic English[D].Harvard University,1999.
[2]Yang Ling,Cahill David.The rhetorical organization of Chinese and American students'expository essays:a contrastive rhetoric study[J].International Journal of English Studies,2008,2(8):113-132.
[3]Connor,Ultar.Contrastive Rhetoric:Cross-cultural Aspects of Second-language Writing[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1996.
[4]Hu Guangwei,Cao Feng.Hedging and boosting in abstracts of applied linguistics articles:A comparative study of English-and Chinese-medium journals[J].Journal of Pragmatics,2011,43(11):2795-2809.
[5]陈燕琴.母语思维对中国非英语专业大学生二语写作的影响[D].合肥:安徽大学,2007.
