Sci论文 - 至繁归于至简,Sci论文网。 设为首页|加入收藏
当前位置:首页 > 医学论文 > 正文

药物洗脱球囊在冠状动脉大血管介入治疗的新进展及当前发展中存在的一些不足论文

发布时间:2020-10-27 15:18:05 文章来源:SCI论文网 我要评论














SCI论文(www.lunwensci.com):

摘要:药物洗脱支架(DES)是当前冠心病患者的一种重要的治疗方法,但是许多并发症限制了它的临床应用。药物洗脱球囊(DEB)作为新一代的介入治疗方法,在冠状动脉小血管(SVD)、支架内在狭窄(ISR)、冠状动脉分叉病变中均证明了它的有效性及安全性。然而当前其对冠状动脉大血管(LVD)的研究较少,本文通过药物球囊的优势、不足及在冠状动脉大血管的研究做一综述。

关键词:药物洗脱球囊;经皮冠状动脉介入治疗;冠状动脉大血管病变

本文引用格式:杜欣蔓,刘维军,沈有录.药物洗脱球囊在冠状动脉大血管介入治疗的新进展及当前发展中存在的一些不足[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2019,19(96):136-137.

New Progress of Drug-eluting Balloon in Coronary Artery Large Vessels Interventional Therapy and Some Problems in Current Development

DU Xin-man,LIU Wei-jun,SHEN You-lu

(Cardiovascular medicine Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai)

ABSTRACT:Drug-eluting stent(DES)is an important treatment for patients with coronary heart disease,but many complications limit its clinical application.As a new generation of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),drug-eluting balloon(DEB)has proved its effectiveness and safety in small coronary artery(SVD),stent internal stenosis(ISR)and bifurcation of coronary arteries.However,the present study on the large vessel(LVD)of the coronary artery is less.This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of drug balloon and the current research on coronary artery large vessels.

KEY WORDS:Drug-eluting balloon;Percutaneous coronary intervention;Coronary de novo lesions in large vessels

0引言

目前,在临床中药物洗脱支架是冠心病患者非药物治疗的一种主要的治疗策略[1],但是因为支架植入术后的再狭窄[2]、双联抗血小板(DAPT)所致的出血[3]、晚期支架内血栓形成、金属支架的断裂及对支架或聚合物过敏[4]、全因死亡率及心肌再梗死率并未下降[4]等,限制了它的长远的临床发展。最初,DEB主要是作为治疗裸金属支架及DES的支架内在狭窄(ISR)而引入临床的,现在随着DEB的发展已经成为冠状动脉新生病变的一种潜在的治疗方法[5],而且有可能成为DES的替代设备。DEB作为新一代的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)方式,其通过局部给予抗增殖药物,在不需要植入异物和延长双联抗血小板治疗的情况下,既实现血管内膜增殖的类似效果,同时还保持了血管的正常结构和功能[6]。且当前DEB已经在冠状动脉新生小血管病变[7]、支架内在狭窄[7]、冠状动脉分叉病变[8-9]中显示出其安全性及有效性。然而以前的研究多证实了药物球囊对冠状动脉新生小血管的临床效果。但是对冠状动脉大血管(≥2.8mm)的探究较少。因此,本综述意图探究药物球囊在冠状动脉大血管病变中研究的新进展及探究一些当前药物球囊发展中存在一些问题。

\

 
1药物球囊的优势

(1)手术操作相对较简单,手术时间相对较短,所以手术过程中应用的造影剂较少,对肾功能的损害较少。(2)无异物的植入,因此,无对植入物的晚期炎症反应,且血管的正向重构未被抑制[10]。(3)DAPT时间相对缩短,因为DEB术后双联抗血小板药物治疗的时间为1-3月,所以明显减少了术后的出血、降低了出血所导致的死亡率及患者的经济负担,增加了患者治疗的依从性[11]。(4)DEB与DES的远期与近期临床效果相当,相关性的研究显示:与DES相比DEB无论近期还是远期临床效果均显示出安全性及有效性[1,12-15]。(5)DEB与DES相比降低了LST及延迟愈合的风险,主要由于DES单次膨胀后,药物经过30-60秒的时间,迅速、均匀、最大剂量的迅速覆盖到靶血管表面[16-18],抗增殖药物既有效的抑制了平滑肌细胞及内皮细胞的增生及炎症,相对缩短内膜的修复时间,且因为无支架的植入,减少与DES相关的晚期支架内血栓的形成和延迟愈合的风险[18-19]。(6)最近的研究表明,DEB用于治疗严重冠心病时改善了冠状动脉供血和血管功能[20-21]。

2药物球囊在冠状动脉大血管的研究

在于雪等开展的一项队列研究中,共纳入527名冠心病患者,分为冠状动脉小血管组(373人)和冠状动脉大血管组(222人),试验结果显示:所有接受DCB干预的患者,有32.9%发生动脉夹层。在SVD组B型夹层更多见,在两组各有1例患者因DCB治疗后发生动脉夹层,行紧急DEB治疗。两组的平均随访时间为10.1月其MACE(住院期间全因死亡、心肌梗死、靶血管重建、血管血栓的形成)在LVD为0%,在SVD为1.4%。QCA显示术后的病变部位的最小血管内径(MLD)对所有分组都较术后即刻MLD增加。靶血管血运重建(TLR)中LAD=0%,SVD=1.1%。说明无论对于冠状动脉大血管还是小血管,仅采用DEB治疗均是安全有效的。而在另一个Wenjie Lu4等的观察性研究中共纳入92名患者,其中88例仅仅使用DEB,7例C型夹层,1例D型夹层,2例患者在住院期间发生急性冠脉闭塞,6例患者同时行紧急DES植入,总MACE(靶病变血运重建(TLR)、心肌梗死、心脏死亡和非心脏死亡以及主要心脏不事)为4.3%,总TLR率也4.3%,在对78名患者平均8.3月的对随访中其QCA测量的LLL是0.02±0.49。表明在冠状动脉大血管病变的患者中,仅采用DCB治疗策略是安全有效的。而在危小良等[22]设计纳入100患者的随机对照试验中发现:DEB组和DES组的术前最小管腔直径=(MLD)差异无统计学意义,DEB组的术后即刻MLD小于DES组,随访时MLD大于DES组。2组晚期管腔丢失、不良心血管事件发生率及术后动脉夹层的发生无统计学意义。DES组1例术后出现急性血栓形成,与其对抗血小板药物抵抗有关,更换药物,未植入支架。结果表明:DEB的远期血管正性重塑优于DES组,DES治疗冠状动脉大血管原发性病变是安全有效的。

3药物球囊当前发展的问题

虽然药物球囊蓬勃发展,大有取代药物洗脱支架的趋势,但仍存在一些问题。(1)DEB的主要作用是向靶血管壁输送药物,其治疗效果的成功与否,取决于药物在动脉管壁的吸收、分布和保留。然而DEB表面的药物向动脉各层组织转移的效率较低[22]。限制其临床效果。(2)DEB涂层基质产生不理想的颗粒[23]。涂层基质自DEB表面分离后,在血管的下游可能会形成大颗粒,在多项研究[23-24]中发现下游的坏死及纤维化事件较高,提示其远端事件的发生可能与下游微血管的栓塞有关。可通过提高储存条件和制造工艺如调整气球表层的结晶度来改善。(3)研究发现在单纯DEB术后,靶血管在术后几个小时和几天内,再发血管突然闭塞的比率较高[25],这种并发症的发生可能与斑块在被扩张后,其血管内皮受到破坏,使得胶原及组织因子暴露于血液中,从而导致血栓性及机械性的阻塞。(4)药物自球囊表面脱落时不仅会污染工作环境同时可对手术操作者身体健康构成威胁。(5)紫杉醇由于其高亲脂性、抑制细胞增殖的能力,且其化学性质较稳定,是目前临床药物洗脱球囊表面应用最广泛的抗增殖药物[26],然而日前发表于美国心脏协会杂志(JAHA)的一项荟萃分析,该篇荟萃分析将4663名受试者分为紫杉醇涂层介入组和对照组,其结果显示,两组的术后1年内死亡风险无明显差异。但是紫杉醇涂层介入组术后2年内的死亡风险显著高于对照组。其5年内的死亡风险是对照组的近2倍。晚期紫杉醇毒性可能是导致观察到的死亡率增加的原因。当然由于荟萃分析的局限性,我们目前还很难做出最后的结论。(6)由于缺乏支架提供的机械支架,存在血管壁弹性回缩、急性血栓形成等风险。DCB可能不适合复杂的冠状动脉病变。且在某些情况下,可能需要植入支架。

4结语

当前研究均表明,DEB治疗冠状动脉大血管病变是安全的、有效的。且其远期及近期效果与DES相似。所以DEB相较于DES有更好的应用前景,其优势在于,在没有支架植入的情况下,在血管成形术后有可能进行有利的血管正性重构,且理论上没有任何支架血栓的形成,并且可以选择将DAPT明显缩短,这对于要进行非心脏手术及出血风险较高的人群有很大的优势。[27]但是仍旧要注意以下问题:首先目前临床中关于冠状动脉大血管病变的研究较少,且主要人群为中国人,我们应该进行更多的大型前瞻性的随机对照试验。其次在使用DEB进行治疗时,应对靶血管进行充分的预扩张,因为DEB只是一种运载工具,并不能扩张狭窄的冠状动脉,因此在使用DEB前,要尽可能的进行最优的病变准备(TIMI分级3级、轻度冠状动脉夹层及残余狭窄≤30%),好的病变准备是DEB手术成功的关键[28]。我们考虑这与靶血管在进行充分的预扩张时,通过在血管壁创建微创面,从而促进药物通过内膜和介质层的转运,从而潜在地提高药物摄取有关[29]。但是积极地病变准备,有可能形成严重的冠状动脉夹层,如果病变准备的不理想又有可能导致残余狭窄及病变后移,故在次优的病变准备时,我们可能需要考虑植入支架[6,30]。这是一个两难行的问题,需要术者丰富的临床经验。最后在临床中有时因特殊情况,我们需要在DCB术后行支架植入术,因为DCB与裸金属支架结合后再狭窄的发生率增加[31-33]。因此,DCB治疗指南提倡在无计划的支架植入情况下使用DES33。但DCB与支架在同一病变中的结合使用应尽可能避免[26]。

\

 
参考文献

[1]Xue Y,Fusui J,Feng X,et al.Treatment of large de novo coronary lesions with paclitaxel-coated balloon only:results from a Chinese institute[J].Clinical Research in Cardiology,2018.
[2]Hassan AK,Bergheanu SC,Stijnen T,et al.Late stent malapposition risk is higher after drug-eluting stent compared with bare-met al stent implantation and associates with late stent thrombosis[J].Eur Heart J,2010,31(10):1172-80.
[3]Lee SY,Hong MK,Shin DH,et al.Clinical outcomes of dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents in patients with different cardiovascular risk[J].2017.
[4]Lu W,Zhu Y,Han Z,et al.Short-term outcomes from drug-coated balloon for coronary de novo lesions in large vessels[J].Journal of Cardiology,2018.
[5]Windecker S,Kolh P,Alfonso F,et al.2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization[J].Eur Heart J,2014,35:2541-619.
[6]Mitomo S,Jabbour R J,Mangieri A,et al.Mid-term clinical outcomes after bailout drug-eluting stenting for suboptimal drug-coated balloon results:Insights from a Milan registry[J].International Journal of Cardiology,2018:S0167527317379524.
[7]Belkacemi A,Agostoni P,Nathoe HM,et al.First results of the DEB-AMI(drug eluting balloon in acute ST-segment elevationmyocardial infarction)trial:a multicenter randomized comparison of drugeluting balloon plus bare-met al stent versus bare-met al stent versus drugeluting stent in primary percutaneous coronary intervention with 6-month angiographic,intravascular,functional,and clinical outcomes[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(25):2327-37.
[8]Worthley S,Hendriks R,Worthley M,et al.Paclitaxel-eluting balloon and everolimus-eluting stent for provisional stenting of coronary bifurcations:12-month results of the multicenter BIOLUX-I study[J].Cardiovasc Revasc Med,2015,16:413-7.
[9]Kleber FX,Rittger H,Ludwig J,et al.Drug eluting balloons as stand alone procedure for coronary bifurcational lesions:results of the randomized multicenter PEPCAD-BIF trial[J].Clin Res Cardiol,2016,105:613-21.
[10]Neumann FJ,Sousa-Uva M,Ahlsson A,et al.2018 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization[J].Eur Heart J,2018,4:1-96.
[11]Windecker S,Kolh P,Alfonso F,et al.2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization:the task force on myocardial revascularization of the European society of cardiology(ESC)and the European association for cardio-thoracic surgery(EACTS)Developed with the special contribution of the European association of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions(EAPCI)[J].Eur Heart J,2014,35:2541-2619.
[12]Latib A,Colombo A,Castriota F,et al.A randomized multicenter study comparing a paclitaxel drug-eluting balloon with a paclitaxel-eluting stent in small coronary vessels:the BELLO(Balloon Elution and Late Loss Optimization)study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,60:2473-2480.
[13]Unverdorben M,Kleber FX,Heuer H,et al.Treatment of small coronary arteries with a paclitaxel-coated balloon catheter in the PEPCAD I study:are lesions clinically stable from 12 to 36 months?[J].EuroIntervention
,2013,9:620-628.
[14]Cortese B,Micheli A,Picchi A,et al.Paclitaxel-coated balloon versus drug-eluting stent during PCI of small coronary vessels,a prospective randomised clinical trial.The PICCOLETO study[J].Heart,2010,96:1291-1296.
[15]Gao L,Chen YD.Application of drug-coated balloon in coronary artery intervention:challenges and opportunities[J].J Geriatr Cardiol,2016,13(11):906-13.
[16]Byrne RA,Joner M,Alfonso F,et al.Drug-coated balloon therapy in coronary and peripheral artery disease[J].Nat Rev Cardiol,2014,11(1):13-23.
[17]Pósa A,Nyolczas N,Hemetsberger R,et al.Optimization of drug-eluting balloon use for safety and efficacy:evaluation of the 2nd generation paclitaxel-eluting DIOR-balloon in porcine coronary arteries[J].Catheter Cardiovasc Interv,2010,76(3):395-403.
[18]Nakazawa G,Finn AV,Joner M,et al.Delayed arterial healing and increased late stent thrombosis at culprit sites after drugeluting stent placement for acute myocardial infarction patients:an autopsy study[J].Circulati on,2008,118(11):1138-45.
[19]Jackson D,Tong D,Layland J.A review of the coronary applications of the drug coated balloon[J].Int J Cardiol,2017,226:77-86.
[20]Sinaga DA,Ho HH,Watson TJ,et al.Drug-coated balloons:a safe and effective alternative to drug-eluting stents in small vessel coronary artery disease[J].J Interv Cardiol,2016,29(5):454-60.
[21]Naganuma T,Latib A,Costopoulos C,et al.Drug-eluting balloon versus second-generation drug-eluting stent for the treatment of restenotic lesions involving coronary bifurcations[J].EuroIntervention.,2016,11(9):989-95.
[22]危小良,王晓进,赵婷,等.紫杉醇药物涂层球囊治疗冠状动脉原发大血管病变的疗效和安全性研究[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2019,27(02):150-155.
[23]Xiong G M,Ang H,Lin J,et al.Materials technology in drug eluting balloons:Current and future perspectives[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2016,239:92-106.
[24]T.Zeller,I.Baumgartner,D.Scheinert,et al.Rocha-Singh,Drug-Eluting Balloon Versus Standard Balloon Angioplasty for Infrapopliteal Arterial Revascularization in Critical Limb Ischemia:12-Month Results From the IN[J].PACT DEEP Randomized Trial,Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2014,64:1568-1576.
[25]Dorros G,Cowley MJ,Simpson J,et al.Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty:report of complications from the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute PTCA Registry[J].Circulation,1983,67:723-30.
[26]Byrne R A,Stone G W,Ormiston J,et al.Coronary balloon angioplasty,stents,and scaffolds[J].Lancet,2017,390(10096):781.
[27]Jeger R V,Farah A,Ohlow M A,et al.Drug-coated balloons for small coronary artery disease(BASKET-SMALL 2):an open-label randomised non-inferiority trial[J].The Lancet,2018,392(10150):849-856.
[28]Raisuke I,Norihiro K,Hidehiko H,et al.Clinical Outcomes of Drug-Coated Balloons in Coronary Artery Disease Unsuitable for Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation[J].Circulation Journal,2018.
[29]Belkacemi A,Agostoni P,Nathoe HM,et al.First results of the DEBAMI(drug eluting balloon in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction)trial:A multicenter randomized comparison of drug-eluting balloon plus bare-met al stent versus bare-met al stent versus drugeluting stent in primary percutaneous coronary intervention with 6-month angiographic,intravascular,functional,and clinical outcomes[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59:2327-2337.
[30]B.Cortese,P.Silva Orrego,P.Agostoni,et al.Effect of drug-coated balloons in native coronary artery disease left with a dissection,JACC Cardiovasc[J].Interv,2015,8:2003-2009.
[31]Unverdorben M,Kleber F,Heuer H,et al.Treatment of small coronary arteries with a paclitaxel-coated balloon catheter[J].Clin Res Cardiol,2010,99:165-74.
[32]Cortese B,Micheli A,Picchi A,et al.Paclitaxel-coated balloon versus drug-eluting stent during PCI of small coronary vessels,a prospective randomised clinical trial[J].The PICCOLETO study.Heart,2010,96:1291-96.
[33]Kleber FX,Rittger H,Bonaventura K,et al.Drug-coated balloons for treatment of coronary artery disease:updated recommendations from a consensus group[J].Clin Res Cardiol,2013,102:785-97.


关注SCI论文创作发表,寻求SCI论文修改润色、SCI论文代发表等服务支撑,请锁定SCI论文网!
文章出自SCI论文网转载请注明出处:https://www.lunwensci.com/yixuelunwen/27010.html

发表评论

Sci论文网 - Sci论文发表 - Sci论文修改润色 - Sci论文期刊 - Sci论文代发
Copyright © Sci论文网 版权所有 | SCI论文网手机版 | 鄂ICP备2022005580号-2 | 网站地图xml | 百度地图xml