何时用主动语态何时用被动语态？

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　　主动语态——主语是动作的执行者。

　　被动语态——主题是动作的接受者。
 

　　我们在撰写科学论文时会使用多种时态。

　　以下是在不同时态中使用的主动语态和被动语态的一些示例：

　　1.现在时——通常在概论，讨论和结论中使用的时态

　　Example 1:Active:Vitamin A increases the risk of hair loss.Passive:The risk of hair loss is increased by vitamin A.

　　Example2:Active:Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted from industries and vehicle exhausts can induce a series of environmental problems,including photochemical smog,broken ozonosphere,and environmental pollution.Passive:A series of environmental problems,including photochemical smog,broken ozonosphere,and environmental pollution,can be induced by volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted from industries and vehicle exhausts.

　　2.现在时-通常在目标中使用的时态

　　Example 1:Active:In this study,we present our design of an electric hot water tank.Passive:In this study,a design of an electric hot water tank is presented.

　　Example2:Active:This study develops an efficient methodology to examine a space–time continuous dataset for urban irrigation water use.Passive:An efficient methodology to examine a space–time continuous dataset for urban irrigation water use is developed in this study.

　　3.现在完成时-通常在概论，讨论和总结中使用的时态

　　Example 1:Active:Previous studies have used comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.Passive:Comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences has been used in previous studies to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.

　　Example 2:Active:Only a small number of empirical studies have focused on the patterns and mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatial scales,especially in wild host–pathogen systems[2].Passive:The patterns and mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatial scales,especially in wild host–pathogen systems,have been focused on by only a small number of empirical studies[2].

　　4.过去时：通常用于材料与方法/结果

　　Example 1:Active:We determined the presence of larvae by dip netting.Passive:The presence of larvae was determined by dip netting.

　　Example 2:Active:We evaluated the number of haplotypes(h),haplotypes(Hd),and nucleotides(π)using the DnaSP 5.10 program[3].Passive:The number of haplotypes(h),haplotypes(Hd),and nucleotides(π)was evaluated using the DnaSP 5.10 program[3].

　　Example 3:Active:We found a strong correlation between above-ground and below-ground biomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.Passive:A strong correlation was found between above-ground and below-ground biomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.

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